What is the term for a change process initiated by top management?

The term for a change process initiated by top management is referred to as "top-down change." This approach emphasizes that the decisions and strategies for change originate at the upper echelons of the organization, such as executives and senior leaders, who then communicate and implement these changes throughout the lower levels of the organization. This method is often characterized by a clear direction from leadership and can help ensure that all employees align with the established vision and goals, which can facilitate a smoother transition during the change process.

In contrast, bottom-up change involves initiating change from the lower levels of the organization, where employees at the ground level contribute ideas and push for changes that can be adopted by management. Planned change signifies a deliberate and structured approach to change rather than a spontaneous reaction, while unplanned change refers to unexpected alterations that occur due to unforeseen circumstances. Both planned and unplanned changes can happen independently of management's intention to guide the change process. Thus, the distinguishing feature of top-down change lies in its initiation by top management, making it the correct answer.