What does Total Quality Management (TQM) primarily emphasize?

Total Quality Management (TQM) primarily emphasizes the application of quality principles to meet customer needs. This approach focuses on continuous improvement in all aspects of an organization, aiming to enhance customer satisfaction through high-quality products and services. TQM integrates the involvement of all employees, fostering a culture where everyone contributes to maintaining and improving quality. This emphasis on customer needs means that organizations implementing TQM strive not only to meet but to exceed customer expectations, leading to greater loyalty and long-term success.

In contrast, other options like cost reduction measures, maximizing profits, and short-term operational goals do not encapsulate the core philosophy of TQM. While these aspects can be outcomes of effective quality management, they do not represent its primary focus, which is the holistic pursuit of quality that benefits both customers and the organization overall.