What does the term "basic cause" refer to in Bird's model of accident sequence?

In Bird's model of accident sequence, a "basic cause" refers specifically to underlying system failures. This concept emphasizes that accidents are often the result of deep-rooted issues within an organization's systems, processes, or management practices. Understanding these basic causes is essential for developing effective preventive measures and ensuring a safer work environment.

By identifying and addressing these underlying system failures, organizations can implement systemic changes that reduce the likelihood of accidents. This approach focuses not only on immediate or surface-level problems but also on the foundational elements that contribute to safety incidents.

In contrast, other options like training deficiencies, environmental hazards, and human error, while they may be contributing factors to accidents, do not encapsulate the overarching concept of systemic issues that the term "basic cause" focuses on in Bird's model. Thus, recognizing the distinction allows for a more strategic approach to accident prevention and safety management.