Abraham Maslow's theory identifies which of the following as a fundamental human need?

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a well-known psychological theory that categorizes human motivations into a five-tier model, with self-actualization representing the highest level of psychological development. This terminology refers to the realization of an individual's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth, and peak experiences. Self-actualization is not merely about achieving success, but rather about an individual's capacity to become the most that they can be, which involves personal development and self-discovery.

The other options do not align with Maslow’s framework. Self-deception and self-gratification suggest themes around untruths and immediate pleasure-seeking, which do not represent fundamental human needs in the same way that self-actualization does. Self-management, while important in personal development and in the context of managing one's life and goals, does not encompass the broader human need for self-actualization as defined in Maslow's theory. Thus, self-actualization stands out as a fundamental human need according to Maslow.